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The merchants and trades associations of Aberdeen ( "New" and Old Aberdeen) built several hospitals from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Traditionally Hospitals had been built by the Church.〔See Medieval Hospitals in Scotland〕 In addition to Hospitals that served the needs of the poor and elderly, "hospitals" were built as schools. Robert Gordons College was founded by a wealthy merchant in 1731.〔Robert Gordon's Hospital., Foundation Statutes and Rules of Robert Gordon's Hospital in Aberdeen (Aberdeen: Chalmers, 1784); See http://www.rgc.aberdeen.sch.uk/robertgordon/〕 In "Royal" Aberdeen 〔Aberdeen received Royal Burgh status from King David I (1124–53)〕 and Old Aberdeen the Incorporated Trades formed associations to serve the needs of the craftsmen.〔See http://www.seventradesofaberdeen.co.uk/trades-introduction/ 〕 Similar Incorporated Trades associations are to be found in Elgin, Edinburgh, Irvine, Stirling, Dundee, Kirkcubright and Glasgow.〔See, James Colston, The Incorporated Trades of Edinburgh. With Introductory Chapter on the Rise and Progress of Municipal Government in Scotland. (Plates and Illustrations. ) (Edinburgh: Colston & Co., 1891), pp. l, 237 p.〕 In addition to such hospitals, there were "correction houses" and Workhouses or Poorhouses.〔See E. Patricia Dennison, David Ditchburn, and Michael Lynch, Aberdeen before 1800 : A New History (East Linton: Tuckwell Press, 2002), pp. xxviii, 515 p., () p. of plates; for a useful summary of the various "correction houses" and Workhouses in Aberdeen. (pp 64-69).〕 ==Pre-Reformation Hospitals== From the early twelfth century, Hospitals had been built by Church foundations across Europe to meet the needs of the poor and elderly.〔See the Wiki entry Medieval Hospitals in Scotland for more details on medieval hospitals. The work by Cowan & Easson and Hall’s survey of Monastic Landscapes provide extensive Gazetteers of known Aberdeen Hospitals. Derek Hall, Scottish Monastic Landscapes (Stroud: Tempus, 2006), pp. 222 p., 16 p. of plates.; and, an Borthwick Cowan, David Edward Easson, and Richard Neville Hadcock, Medieval Religious Houses, Scotland with an Appendix on the Houses in the Isle of Man. 2nd edn (London: Longman, 1976), pp. xxviii, 252p,()fold plates.〕 In general the Church applied a doctrine of Charity (virtue) 〔See http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03592a.html; and, *(''Catholic Encyclopedia'' "Love (Theological Virtue)" )〕 in which the elderly, infirm and those suffering from diseases such as Leprosy were cared for in Hospitals. Few Pre-Reformation Hospitals provide what is now called "health care". The general concern in Pre-Reformation times was for "spiritual health"; in Post-Reformation times the concern was for "physical health". Some Hospitals did have physic gardens.〔For example See Provan Lordship Garden/ St Nicholas Glasgow; NT 34000 72000 〕 The growth of Incorporated Trades organization and Merchant Societies 〔see Ebenezer Bain, Merchant and Craft Guilds : A History of the Aberdeen Incorporated Trades (Aberdeen: Edmond & Spark, 1887), pp. xii, 360 p. 〕 offered an alternative of community care for members and their "relicks".〔The Scots word "relick" means "widow"〕 Church Hospitals founded before 1559/1560 were: Aberdeen Leper House, St Anne c1363 to 1573; St Peters c1179 to 1427; St Thomas the Martyr 1459 to uncertain; St Mary’s Old Aberdeen 1531 to 2013. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aberdeen Trades Hospitals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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